Shampoo Presentation

Each bottle contains:
Ketoconazole 2% W/V

Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections. It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.
Ketoconazole is used in the treatment or prevention of fungal infections including blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.

Uses

• Dandruff
• Blastomycosis
• Seborrheic Dermatitis
• Recalcitrant Dermatophytosis
• Histoplasmosis

Mechanism of action

Ketoconazole, similarly to other azole antifungals, is a fungistatic agent which causes growth arrest in fungal cells thereby preventing growth and spread of the fungus throughout the body. Ketoconazole interacts with 14-α-sterol demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This results in inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and increased fungal cellular permeability due to reduced amounts of ergosterol present in the fungal cell membrane. This metabolic inhibition also results in accumulation of 14α-methyl-3,6-diol, a toxic metabolite. The increase in membrane fluidity is also thought to produce impairment of membrane-bound enzyme systems as components become less closely packed.

Side Effects

The shampoo is considered as safe when used in recommended doses however dry skin, abnormal hair texture, scalp pustules and rashes can be observed in some patients.

How to Use

• Wet your hair and scalp well with water.
• Apply the shampoo to the skin of the affected area and a wide margin surrounding this area.
• Work up a good lather and leave it in place for 5 minutes.
• Rinse your hair and scalp well with warm water, and dry your hair.

Precaution

• Do not use this medicine for a skin problem that has not been checked by your doctor.
• The foam form of this medicine may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Use a sunscreen when you are outdoors. Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds.
• This medicine may cause a serious type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have a rash; itching; hoarseness; trouble breathing